Classification Based on National Standard Attributes
Electric Bicycles (Non-motor Vehicles) under the New National Standard
Key Parameters: Equipped with pedals; speed ≤ 25 km/h; total vehicle weight ≤ 55 kg (lithium-ion models) or ≤ 63 kg (lead-acid models); motor power ≤ 400 W; voltage ≤ 48 V.
Road Use Requirements: No driver's license required; must display a non-motor vehicle license plate (green background with black characters); minimum age 16; may carry one child under the age of 12.
Electric Light Motorcycles (Motor Vehicles)
Key Parameters: No pedals; speed between 25 km/h and 50 km/h.
Road Use Requirements: Class F, E, or D driver's license required; must display a motor vehicle license plate (blue background with white characters); minimum age 18; carrying passengers strictly prohibited; mandatory traffic accident liability insurance required.
Electric Motorcycles (Motor Vehicles)
Key Parameters: No pedals; speed exceeds 50 km/h.
Road Use Requirements: Class E or D driver's license required; must display a motor vehicle license plate (yellow background with black characters); minimum age 18; may carry one passenger aged 12 or older; mandatory traffic accident liability insurance and periodic annual inspections required.
Classification Based on Other Dimensions
Classification by Battery Type
Lead-Acid Battery Type: Mature technology, cost-effective, high safety; vehicle weight is relatively higher.
Lithium-Ion Battery Type: High energy density, lightweight, fast charging, long lifespan; explosion resistance is lower than that of lead-acid batteries.
Classification by Drive Method
Electric-Assist Type: Power is generated jointly by human effort and an electric motor; retains full manual pedaling capability.
Electric-Drive Type: Powered entirely by the onboard battery; propulsion comes solely from the electric motor.
Classification by Appearance/Style
Categorized into simple, standard, and deluxe models; this classification method is outdated and holds less reference value than the classification based on national standard parameters.
